An efficient artificial intelligence model for prediction of tropical storm surge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Reza Hashemi  Malcolm L. Spaulding  Alex Shaw  Hamed Farhadi  Matt Lewis 《Natural Hazards》2016,80(1):471-486

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The resolution sensitivity of the South Asian monsoon and Indo-Pacific in a global 0.35° AGCM     

Stephanie J. Johnson  Richard C. Levine  Andrew G. Turner  Gill M. Martin  Steven J. Woolnough  Reinhard Schiemann  Matthew S. Mizielinski  Malcolm J. Roberts  Pier Luigi Vidale  Marie-Estelle Demory  Jane Strachan 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(3-4):807-831

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A nested numerical tidal model of the southern New England Bight     

Malcolm L. Spaulding  Robert B. Gordon 《Ocean Engineering》1982,9(2)

A nested, barotropic numerical tidal model has been applied to the southern New England Bight to include Long Island Sound (LIS), Block Island Sound (BIS), Rhode Island Sound (RIS), Buzzards Bay (BB) and a portion of the southern New England shelf. An explicit finite difference representation of the two-dimensional vertically averaged equations of motion and continuity, employing forward time and centered spatial differences with the bottom friction term being evaluated at both time levels, is applied to the study area to predict tidal circulation dynamics. Horizontal friction and advective terms have been neglected. Tidal height data along the open boundaries is specified from available data. Model predictions of corange and high and low cophase lines agree with available data and show the strongly co-oscillatory behavior of LIS. Tidal current ellipses agree reasonably well with available data showing rectilinear motion in LIS, BIS and BB and rotary motion in RIS.  相似文献   

Ecosystem management bioindicators: the ECOMAN project--a multi-biomarker approach to ecosystem management     

Galloway TS  Brown RJ  Browne MA  Dissanayake A  Lowe D  Jones MB  Depledge MH 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):233-237

The ECOMAN project was initiated from an awareness of the complexity of the functioning of coastal marine systems and the clear need for more pragmatic environmental assessment techniques linking environmental degradation with its causes. The aim of the project is to develop a suite of easy to use, cost effective and environmentally valid biological responses (biomarkers) to assess the general health of coastal systems, including estuaries. To achieve this aim, various sublethal endpoints are being measured and evaluated from a range of common coastal organisms showing different feeding types (filter feeding, grazing and predation) and habitat requirements (estuary and rocky shore) and at different levels of biological response (cellular, physiological and behavioural). This holistic integrated approach is essential to identify the full impact of chemical contamination on organisms, and enables the sensitivity of organisms to be ranked and key sentinel species for specific habitats to be identified.  相似文献   

Dispersion and stability analyses of the linearized two-dimensional shallow water equations in Cartesian coordinates     

S. Sankaranarayanan  Malcolm L. Spaulding   《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(18):2343-2362

In the present study, a Fourier analysis is used to develop expressions for phase and group speeds for both continuous and discretized, linearized two-dimensional shallow water equations, in Cartesian coordinates. The phase and group speeds of the discrete equations, discretized using a three-point scheme of second order, five-point scheme of fourth order and a three-point compact scheme of fourth order in an Arakawa C grid, are calculated and compared with the corresponding values obtained for the continuous system. The three-point second-order scheme is found to be non-dispersive with grid resolutions greater than 30 grids per wavelength, while both the fourth-order schemes are non-dispersive with grid resolutions greater than six grids per wavelength. A von Neumann stability analysis of the two- and three-time-level temporal schemes showed that both schemes are stable. A wave deformation analysis of the two-time-level Crank–Nicolson scheme for one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems of shallow water equations shows that the scheme is non- dispersive, independent of the Courant number and grid resolution used. The phase error or the dispersion of the scheme decreases with a decrease in the time step or an increase in grid resolution.  相似文献   

Hindcast of the Argo merchant spill using the uri oil spill fates model     

Malcolm L. Spaulding  Katherine B. Jayko  Eric L. Anderson 《Ocean Engineering》1982,9(5):455-482

A comprehensive oilspill fates model, developed by Cornillon and Spaulding at the University of Rhode Island, has been employed to hindcast the well-studied Argo Merchant spill. Using data collected during the spill to define the environmental conditions and the oil composition, properties and release rates, the oil spill fates model was used to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of spilled oil from December 16 to 31, 1976. Comparison of model predictions to observations for spilled oil mass balance, surface trajectories and oiled surface area was in general quite good. Improved predictions require a better definition of the wind and tidally-forced circulation in the vicinity of the wreck site, a more soundly based theory for oil entrainment or dispersion into the water column and an oil spreading theory which more accurately addresses the complex behaviour of a weathering multicomponent petroleum hydrocarbon.  相似文献   

Reducing horizontal diffusion errors in σ-coordinate coastal ocean models with a second-order Lagrangian-interpolation finite-difference scheme     

Wenrui Huang  Malcolm Spaulding 《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(5):495-512

When a steep bottom slope exists, it is well known that conventional methods for calculating horizontal diffusion in sigma-coordinate coastal ocean models causes spurious transport (e.g. salinity, temperature, and sediments) and currents. In this study, a second-order accurate finite-difference algorithm and program have been developed to reduce the spurious numerical diffusion errors. In the proposed algorithm, the finite differencing is performed in the x-z coordinate system to approximate the horizontal gradient. Each variable in the finite differential formation is calculated in the sigma-coordinate grid cells using a second-order Lagrangian interpolation polynomial. In conjunction with a stepwise bottom boundary condition, numerical experiments show that the proposed finite-difference scheme considerably reduces numerical errors compared to conventional approaches when dealing with horizontal diffusion over steep topography, which often occurs in coastal oceans and navigation channels.  相似文献   

Ecosystem management bioindicators: the ECOMAN project – a multi-biomarker approach to ecosystem management     

Tamara S. Galloway  Rebecca J. Brown  Mark A. Browne  Awantha Dissanayake  David Lowe  Malcolm B. Jones  Michael H. Depledge 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):233

The ECOMAN project was initiated from an awareness of the complexity of the functioning of coastal marine systems and the clear need for more pragmatic environmental assessment techniques linking environmental degradation with its causes. The aim of the project is to develop a suite of easy to use, cost effective and environmentally valid biological responses (biomarkers) to assess the general health of coastal systems, including estuaries. To achieve this aim, various sublethal endpoints are being measured and evaluated from a range of common coastal organisms showing different feeding types (filter feeding, grazing and predation) and habitat requirements (estuary and rocky shore) and at different levels of biological response (cellular, physiological and behavioural). This holistic integrated approach is essential to identify the full impact of chemical contamination on organisms, and enables the sensitivity of organisms to be ranked and key sentinel species for specific habitats to be identified.  相似文献   

A Middle Devensian woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) from Whitemoor Haye Quarry,Staffordshire (UK): palaeoenvironmental context and significance     

Danielle Schreve  Andy Howard  Andrew Currant  Stephen Brooks  Simon Buteux  Russell Coope  Barnaby Crocker  Michael Field  Malcolm Greenwood  James Greig  Phillip Toms 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(2):118-130

This paper reports the discovery of a rare partial skeleton of a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blumenbach, 1799) and associated fauna from a low Pleistocene terrace of the River Tame at Whitemoor Haye, Staffordshire, UK. A study of the sedimentary deposits around the rhino skeleton and associated organic‐rich clasts containing pollen, plant and arthropod remains suggests that the animal was rapidly buried on a braided river floodplain surrounded by a predominantly treeless, herb‐rich grassland. Highlights of the study include the oldest British chironomid record published to date and novel analysis of the palaeoflow regime using caddisfly remains. For the first time, comparative calculations of coleopteran and chironomid palaeotemperatures have been made on the same samples, suggesting a mean July temperature of 8–11 °C and a mean December temperature of between ?22 and ?16 °C. Radiocarbon age estimates on skeletal material, supported by optically stimulated luminescence ages from surrounding sediments, indicate that the rhino lived around 41–43 k cal a BP. The combined geochronological, stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental evidence places the assemblage firmly within the Middle Devensian (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3). This would agree with other regional evidence for the timing of aggradation for the lowest terrace of the Trent and its tributary systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic attribute study for gas hydrates in the Andaman Offshore India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. Satyavani  Kalachand Sain  Malcolm Lall  B. J. P. Kumar 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2008,29(3):167-175

Seismic data from the Andaman offshore region has been examined to investigate for the presence of gas hydrates. The seismic data displays reflection characteristics such as blanking, enhanced reflection patterns, shadows in instantaneous frequency, and increase in amplitude with the offset, which are indicative of gas hydrates and underlying free gas. A prominent bottom-simulating reflection, BSR, coupled with reverse polarity is observed around 650–700 ms. Seismic attributes such as the reflection strength and instantaneous frequency are computed along this reflector in order to probe for the presence of gas hydrates or free gas in this region. The reflection plot shows a strong reflector paralleling the seafloor. In addition, attenuation of the high frequency signal is noticed, indicating the presence of free gas below the BSR.  相似文献